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- WORLD, Page 36Condolences, It's a Girl
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- China's one-child-per-couple policy has inflamed the ancient
- preference for sons
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- By SANDRA BURTON/BEIJING
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- The letter from a Chinese woman to her American friend
- reflected her torment and tears. "I told you I wish a baby girl,
- because nothing can compare with one's love of a baby,
- especially mother and daughter," she wrote in broken English.
- Instead of bringing joy, however, the birth of a daughter was
- destroying her family. "My husband wants to divorce me," she
- continued. "When he knew the baby was a girl, he left quickly."
- Reluctant to blame only her husband, she pointed to her in-laws.
- "He is the only boy, so his having a son is more important for
- his parents," she explained. "Although he had been hoping for
- a boy, I never thought he would act like this."
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- Old attitudes die hard in a society that has been a bastion
- of male chauvinism for 22 centuries. Until a few decades ago,
- the drowning of infant girls was tolerated in poor rural areas
- as an economic necessity. A girl was just another mouth to feed,
- another dowry to pay, a temporary family member who would
- eventually leave to serve her husband's kin. A boy, on the other
- hand, meant more muscle for the farm work, someone to care for
- aged parents and burn offerings to ancestors.
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- The Communists sought to change all that in 1949 by freeing
- women from the household, putting them to work in fields and
- factories and giving them the right to inherit property.
- Suddenly a girl could have positive economic value. Still,
- feudal tradition has resisted change in many regions, and the
- government's draconian one-child-per-couple population policy,
- begun in 1979, has inflamed age-old prejudices against females.
- Rural and minority families routinely lie, cheat or pay fines in
- order to try a second pregnancy in the hope of having a son. And
- female infanticide -- plus its modern variation, the misuse of
- amniocentesis to identify female fetuses in order to abort them
- -- continues. The problem is so extensive that government
- campaigns urge parents to "Love your daughter" and allow girl
- babies to live.
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- Even in enlightened circles, condolences are in order for a
- couple whose newborn is a girl. Over dinner in the Beijing
- apartment of a liberal-party cadre, a young guest proudly passes
- around color photos of her infant son, lying spread-eagled on
- a blanket, his genitals prominently displayed. Seated beside
- her, the new mother of a baby girl looks on in wistful silence.
- She carries no pictures. Jiang Junsheng, a senior engineer in
- a Beijing auto-parts factory, says he wasn't upset when his only
- child, a daughter, was born, but "my mother did not like it."
- That's an understatement, says his wife Chen Yiyun, 50, a
- well-known sociologist. "His mother would not take care of our
- daughter," she says. "Yet when my husband's brother had a boy,
- she showered him with attention."
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- Social observers believe a daughter's lot will improve as
- women become more valuable to China's growing economy and as the
- one-child policy eventually makes every scion -- male and female
- -- precious to parents. Chen's own daughter Jiang Xu, 19,
- reflects changing attitudes when she expresses her preference
- for a daughter: "To have a boy means happiness for a moment. To
- have a girl means a lifetime of good fortune."
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